Mecca is the birthplace of Prophet Muhammad and the holiest city in Islam, located in the Hejazi region of Saudi Arabia, about 70 kilometres inland from Jeddah and set in a narrow valley around 277 metres above sea level. At the heart of the city stands the Kaaba, a black cube inside Masjid al-Haram, believed to have been built by Prophet Abraham and his son Ishmael, and covered with the Kiswa cloth that is replaced every year. The Kaaba represents the direction of prayer for Muslims across the world, while Masjid al-Haram is the largest mosque on Earth, welcoming millions of worshippers, especially during Hajj and the month of Ramadan. Every year, Muslims travel to Mecca to perform Hajj, one of the Five Pillars of Islam, which includes rituals such as Tawaf, where pilgrims circle the Kaaba seven times, and Sa’i, the walk between the hills of Safa and Marwa. Within the Grand Mosque, pilgrims drink water from the sacred Zamzam Well, believed to have emerged to quench the thirst of Ishmael, and many seek to approach the Black Stone, a revered relic believed to date back to Prophet Adam. Today, Mecca reflects both deep religious tradition and modern development, with landmarks such as the towering Clock Tower rising above one of the most sacred places in the Islamic world.